Articles and Book Chapters
2015
“Sanctions Design and Security Council Dynamics,” by George A. Lopez and Michael Brzoska in UN Targeted Sanctions as Instruments of Global Goverance, edited by Thomas Bierstecker and Sue Eckert (Forthcoming, 2015).
2014
"Between Iraq and a Hard Place," by David Cortright, Sojourners, September 1, 2014.
2013
“Enforcing Human Rights Through Economic and Other Sanctions” by George A. Lopez in The Handbook of International Human Rights Law, edited by Dinah Shelton (Oxford University Press, 2013).
“From Coercive to Protective Tools: The Evolution of Targeted Sanctions,” by George A. Lopez and Alexandra dos Reis in Rallying to the R2P Cause? The International Politics of Human Rights, edited by Monica Serrrano and Thomas G. Weiss (Routledge Press, 2013).
"A Good Deal with Iran," by David Cortright, Sojourners, November 25, 2013.
"Suspending Sanctions: A Strategy for Reaching Diplomatic Agreement with Iran," by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, Peace Policy, September 18, 2013.
"Preventing and Iranian Bomb," by David Cortright, Sojourners Magazine, June 2012.
"What comes after North Korea's nuclear test?" by George, A. Lopez, CNN, February 5, 2012.
"Qué significan las nuevas sanciones de la ONU a Corea del Norte," by George A. Lopez, CNN Español, January 27, 2013.
"For the U.N. and North Korea: Game On," by George, A. Lopez, CNN, January 24, 2012.
2012
"Don't wait for Syria to cross the 'red line'," by George A. Lopez, CNN, December 7, 2012.
"Dealing with 'Enablers' in Mass Atrocities: A New Human Rights Concept Takes Shape," by George A. Lopez, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, June 26, 2012.
"The only glimmer of hope for Syria," by George, A. Lopez, CNN, June 8, 2012.
"Will Obama Move Thwart Murderous Regimes?" by George A. Lopez, CNN, April 25, 2012.
"Bashar al-Assad may be beating Annan plan in Syria for now, but he won't for long," by George A. Lopez, The Christian Science Monitor, April 18, 2012.
"Getting Smarter About Sanctions? Has Security Council Learning Occurred in Targeted Sanctions, 1993-2013?" by Alexandra dos Reis Stefanopoulos and George A. Lopez, April 2012. Paper presented at the 2012 Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, San Diego, CA, April 1-4, 2012.
"Friend, Not Foe: The Role of Civil Society in Preventing Violent Extremism," by David Cortright with Alistair Millar, Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf, George A. Lopez, Kristen Wall, Eliot Fackler, and Joshua Weaver, Notre Dame Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law 2 no. (Spring 2012): 238-256.
"In Defense of Smart Sanctions: A Response to Joy Gordon," by George A. Lopez, Ethics & International Affairs, March 29, 2012.
"Reciprocal Bargaining: The Best Hope for Denuclearization," by David Cortright and Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf, Peace Policy, March 21, 2012.
"Sanctions and Incentives in North Korea: A Challenging Environment," by George A. Lopez, Peace Policy, March 21, 2012.
"Destabilizing arms transfers via air: emerging trends and long term solutions," by George A. Lopez. Keynote address for the SIPRI-EU Seminar, “Combating Destabilizing Arms Transfers Via Air,” Kiev, Ukraine, March 1 and 2, 2012.
"Russia and China: Sabotaging the U.N. with vetoes," by George A. Lopez, CNN, February 8, 2012.
"Failed Sanctions on Iran," by David Cortright, Foreign Policy in Focus, February 2, 2012.
"So Much Worse Than Civil War," by George A. Lopez, Huffington Post, January 18, 2012.
2011
"Seizing the Sanctions Moment in Syria," by George A. Lopez, Christian Science Monitor, August 16, 2011
“Sanctions as Alternatives to War” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, in The Handbook on the Political Economy of War, edited by Christopher J. Coyne and Rachel L. Mathers (Edward Elger Publishing, 2011) pp. 534-570.
“International Economic Sanctions,” by George A. Lopez in The International Encyclopedia of Political Science, edited by Bertrand Badie et al (SagePublishers Reference Series, 2011).
“Introduction,” by George A. Lopez in UN Sanctions and Conflict: Responding to Peace and Security Threats, edited by Andrea Charron (Routledge Press, 2011).
2010
"More than Military Strikes Harm Civilians" by George A. Lopez, Peace Policy, September 20, 2010
"Iran Nuclear Standoff: The Fog of Sanctions," by George A. Lopez, World Politics Review, May 26, 2010.
"With Sanctions Against Iran, Congress Should Defer to the President" by George A. Lopez, The Huffington Post, February 25, 2010
"Stalemate: A Short History of Sanctions Against Iran" by Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf, Peace Policy, January 26, 2010
"Sanctioned into Submission? Options for Change in Iran" by George A. Lopez, Peace Policy, January 26, 2010
2009
"Improving Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism" by George A. Lopez, The Huffington Post, December 17, 2009
"Assessing the Utility of New Sanctions on Iran" Testimony to the US House of Representatives Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, Committee on OVersight and Government Reform, prepared by George A. Lopez, One Hundred and Eleventh Congress, December 15, 2009.
"United Nations Sanctions and Nuclear Weapons" by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, in The United Nations and Nuclear Orders, edited by Jane Boulden, Ramesh Thakur, and Thomas Weiss (United Nations University Press, 2009) pp. 111-131.
“Targeted Sanctions, Counter-Terrorism and Strategic Peace-Building,” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, in Strategies of Peace, edited by Daniel Philpott and Gerard F. Powers (Oxford University Press, 2009) pp. 169-188.
"Military Necessity?" by George A. Lopez, America (Feb. 2, 2009).
2008
"The Sanctions Era: Themes and Trends in UN Security Council Sanctions Since 1990" by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf in The United Nations Security Council and War, edited by Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, and Dominik Zaum (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp. 205-225.
2007
"Sanctions and Stability Pacts: The Economic Tools of Peacemaking" by David Cortright in Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods & Techniques, rev. ed., edited by I. William Zartman (United States Institute of Peace, 2007) pp. 385-418.
"Sanctions" by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Linda Gerber-Stellingwerf in The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, edited by Thomas G. Weiss and Sam Daws (Oxford University Press, 2007) pp. 349-369.
2005
"Implementing Targeted Sanctions: the Role of International Agencies and Regional Organizations" by David Cortright, Linda Gerber, and George A. Lopez in International Sanctions: Between Words and Wars in the Global System, edited by Peter Wallensteen and Carina Staibano (Frank Cass, 2005) pp. 144-158.
"A Sanctions Coordinator: Options for Enhancing Compliance” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in International Sanctions: Between Words and Wars in the Global System, edited by Peter Wallensteen and Carina Staibano (Frank Cass, 2005) pp. 65-74.
“Bombs, Carrots & Sticks: The Use of Incentives and Sanctions” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Arms Control Today, vol. 35, no. 2 (March 2005).
"Cooperative Security: The Alternative to Pax Americana" by David Cortright in War and Border Crossings, edited by Peter A. French and Jason A. Short (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005) pp. 59-72.
2004
"Learning Adaptation, and Reform in Security Council Sanctions” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The UN Security Council in the Post-Cold War Era, edited by David M. Malone (Lynne Rienner, 2004) pp. 167-180.
"Reforming Sanctions" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, edited by David M. Malone (Lynne Rienner, 2004) pp. 167-179.
"Reviving Peacebuilding Tools Ravished by Terrorism, Unilateralism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction" by Robert C. Johansen, International Journal of Peace Studies, vol. 9, no. 2 (Winter 2004) pp. 31-55.
"A Victory for Diplomacy: Libya Renounces Weapons of Mass Destruction" by Alistair Millar, Winning Without War (September 2004).
"Containing Iraq: Sanctions Worked" by David Cortrightand George A. Lopez, Foreign Affairs, vol. 83, no. 4 (July/August 2004), pp. 90-103.
"War on Terror or Real Security" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Sojourners, vol. 33, no. 1, (January 2004), pp. 30-34.
2003
"The Oil Spoils" by David Cortright, The Nation, June 16, 2003.
"Sanctions, Inspections and Containment: Viable Policy Options in Iraq" by David Cortright, Alistair Millar, and George A. Lopez in Iraq: Threat and Response, edited by Gerhard Beestermöller and David Little (LitVerlag, 2003) pp. 127-147.
2002
"Targeted Financial Sanctions: Developing Sanctions that Do Work" by David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Elizabeth S. Rogers in Smart Sanctions: Toward Effective and Humane Sanctions Reform (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002).
"Disarming Iraq: Nonmilitary Strategies and Options" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Arms Control Today, vol. 32, no. 7 (September 2002), pp. 3-7.
"Sanctions and Zimbabwe: Smarting Under Sanctions" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The World Today, vol. 58, no. 3 (March 2002), p. 17.
2001
"A Hard Look at Iraq Sanctions" by David Cortright, The Nation, December 2001.
"Powers of Persuasion: Sanctions and Incentives in the Shaping of International Society", by David Cortright, International Studies, vol. 38, no. 2 (2001).
2000
"Economic Sanctions and Genocide: Too Little, Too Late, and Sometimes Too Much" by George A. Lopez in Protection Against Genocide, edited by Neal Riemer (Praeger Press, 2000).
"The Limits of Coercion" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (November/December 2000).
"Toward Ethical Economic Sanctions" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, America, vol. 183, no. 17 (November 25, 2000), pp. 18-22.
"Economic Sanctions and Genocide: Too Little, Too Late, and Sometimes Too Much" by George A. Lopez in Protection Against Genocide, edited by Neal Riemer (Praeger Press, 2000).
"Positive Inducements in International Statecraft" by David Cortright in Fraser Forum. Based on a paper of the same title commissioned by the Fraser Institute (June 2000). (pdf)
“Learning from the Sanctions Decade” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, Global Dialogue, vol. 2, no. 3 (Summer 2000).
1999
"Sanctions and Incentives as Tools of Economic Statecraft" by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Globalization and Global Governance, edited by Raimo Väyrynen (Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
"A Marshall Plan for the Balkans" by David Cortright, Sojourners, (September/October 1999).
"End UN Sanctions against Iraq" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The Los Angeles Times, August 20, 1999.
"Sanctions and the Search for Peace in Yugoslavia" by David Cortright, The Christian Science Monitor, May 12, 1999.
"More Ethical Than Not: A Response to Joy Gordon's Claims Regarding Sanctions" by George A. Lopez, Ethics and International Affairs 13 (March 1999).
“Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52, no. 2 (Spring 1999).
1998
"Sanctions: Modify ’em" by David Cortright and Samina Ahmed, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, (September/October 1998), pp. 22-24.
"Public Opinion and Nuclear Options for South Asia" by Samina Ahmed, David Cortright, and Amitabh Mattoo, Asian Survey, vol. 38, no. 8 (August 1998).
"Carrots, Sticks and Cooperation: Economic Tools of Statecraft" by David Cortright and George A. Lopez in Cases and Strategies for Preventive Action, edited by Barnett R. Rubin (Century Foundation Press, 1998) pp. 113-34.
"Trouble in the Gulf: Pain and Promise" by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol.54, no. 3 (May/June 1998).
"What to do about Iraq? The Moral Dilemma of Sanctions" by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, Sojourner, vol. 27, no. 2 (March/April 1998).
1997
“Financial Sanctions: The Key to a ‘Smart’ Sanctions Strategy” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright in Die Friedens-Warte, vol. 72, no. 4 (December 1997).
"Economic Sanctions and Human Rights: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?" by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, International Journal of Human Rights (London) vol. 1, no. 2 (Summer 1997).
"On the Determinants of Success of Economic Sanctions: An Empirical Analysis" by Jaleh Dashti-Gibson, Patricia Davis, and Benjamin Radcliff in The American Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 2 (April 1997).
1996
"Elite Public Opinion and Nuclear Weapons Policy in India" by David Cortright and Amitabh Mattoo, Asian Survey, vol. 36, no. 6 (June 1996).
" 'Smart' Sanctions on Nigeria" David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The Christian Science Monitor, January 10, 1996.
1995
"The Sanctions Era: An Alternative to Military Intervention" by David Cortright and George A. Lopezin The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, vol. 19, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 1995).
1994
"Sanctioning Iraq: The Limits of the New World Order" by Alan Dowty in The Washington Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 3 (1994).
1993
"Economic Sanctions: Do They Work?" David Cortright and George A. Lopez, guest editors, in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 49, no. 9 (November 1993).