April 2012 - Faced with a global outcry against the cost in human suffering caused by comprehensive sanctions in the early 1900s, the UN Security Council began discussion of the potential of 'targeted' or 'smart' sanctions in 1993. After 1994, every case of Security Council sanctions fit this new format, aimed at applying pressure directly to decision-makers and political leaders while minimizing their impact on the global population. These sanctions were largely coercive in nature, and were perceived by a number of  states as being cumbersome and punitive.

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